More recently, the use of VR for laparoscopic training has seen wide adoption and study, with a growing body of evidence for its ability to lower error rates and operating times for novice surgeons as well as its significant advantages over video-based training ( Gurusamy et al., 2008 Nagendran et al., 2013 Alaker et al., 2016). The most notable and widely implemented example is likely the use of flight simulators for pilot training, with favorable evidence as to its efficacy (for meta-analysis see: Hays, Jacobs, Prince, and Salas, 1992). Virtual reality (VR) has long been used as a platform for skill training. These findings suggest that virtual reality technologies can find application in a wide range of skill training contexts and across diverse age groups. Further, comparing younger and older adults in their performance, we found that older adults did not differ in their ability to benefit from virtual reality training, and that the extent of this benefit was not significantly affected by existing cognitive deficits (as measured using the Operation Span and AX-Continuous Performance tasks).
Our results indicate that virtual reality trained participants had significantly higher accuracy and produced fewer timeouts in the workstation task than those trained using non-interactive methods, demonstrating a successful transfer of skills between virtual reality and the real world. We constructed a sensorimotor workstation task and trained participants to operate it with either a non-interactive (text, video) method or with a virtual equivalent of the workstation. This study investigated the efficacy of training a complex skill within an immersive virtual environment. 2Central Institute for Labor Research, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.1Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.Paweł Dobrowolski 1*, Maciek Skorko 1, Grzegorz Pochwatko 1, Monika Myśliwiec 2 and Andrzej Grabowski 2
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